{"id":6592,"date":"2015-12-04T16:45:48","date_gmt":"2015-12-04T16:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/kto-izobrel-bumagu\/"},"modified":"2025-04-21T21:15:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T18:15:10","slug":"kto-izobrel-bumagu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/cs\/kdo-je-izobrel-bumagu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdo vynalezl pap\u00edr"},"content":{"rendered":"

Papyrus, na rozd\u00edl od mnoha \u0161koln\u00edch u\u010debnic, nen\u00ed pap\u00edr - technologie v\u00fdroby umo\u017e\u0148ovala z\u00edskat pouze primitivn\u00ed a hrub\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro psan\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edr bl\u00edzk\u00fd dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9mu pap\u00edru byl vynalezen v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Pap\u00edr pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dty\u0159i velk\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na rozvoj civilizace. <\/p>\n

Cai Lun, hodnost\u00e1\u0159 z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dynastie Han, vynalezl pap\u00edr v roce 105 a zdokonalil technologii jeho v\u00fdroby. P\u0159ed t\u00edmto vyn\u00e1lezem se pap\u00edr vyr\u00e1b\u011bl z konopn\u00fdch a hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, ale Cchaj Lun pou\u017e\u00edval k v\u00fdrob\u011b pap\u00edru pon\u011bkud jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady. Z\u00e1kladem pap\u00edru vynalezen\u00e9ho t\u00edmto hodnost\u00e1\u0159em byla moru\u0161ov\u00e1 a konopn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a p\u0159i jeho v\u00fdrob\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edval popel. <\/p>\n

\"\" <\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edr Cai Lun vyrobil z moru\u0161ov\u00fdch a konopn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, hadr\u016f a popela, ale pozd\u011bji pou\u017eil \u0161krob, rostlinn\u00e1 barviva, v\u00e1penec a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsady, aby byl pap\u00edr pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, hlad\u0161\u00ed a pou\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba pap\u00edru krok za krokem metodou Tsai Lun: <\/p>\n

[INDENT]- Nam\u00e1\u010den\u00ed vl\u00e1ken a jin\u00fdch hrub\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jim dod\u00e1 pru\u017enost;
\n- Tepeln\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1ken pomoc\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed, rozm\u011bln\u011bn\u00ed vl\u00e1ken. V\u0161echny tyto kroky vedly ke vzniku celul\u00f3zy;
\n- Zr\u00e1n\u00ed du\u017einy a p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161krobu pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pru\u017enost;
\n- Nal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed a lisov\u00e1n\u00ed surovin;
\n- Su\u0161en\u00ed archu z\u00edskan\u00e9ho lisov\u00e1n\u00edm. [\/INDENT].<\/p>\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem lze vyrobit pevn\u00fd a pru\u017en\u00fd pap\u00edr vhodn\u00fd pro psan\u00ed. Cai Lun slou\u017eil v c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci od sv\u00fdch 25 let. Ze star\u00fdch spis\u016f se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me, \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 byl s \u00fasp\u011bchy sv\u00e9ho pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho natolik spokojen, \u017ee Cai Lunovi dokonce ud\u011blil \u0161lechtick\u00fd titul a dal mu nov\u00e9 pravomoci. Vyn\u00e1lezce tak\u00e9 od c\u00edsa\u0159e obdr\u017eel finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 z n\u011bj ud\u011blala bohat\u00e9ho a v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho mu\u017ee. <\/p>\n

\u00dasp\u011bch vyn\u00e1lezce pap\u00edru se v\u0161ak nedal omezit dal\u0161\u00edmi dvo\u0159any, kte\u0159\u00ed Cchaj Lunovi vpletli do mnoha intrik. Cchaj Lunovo jm\u00e9no bylo o\u010dern\u011bno a on, neschopen odolat n\u00e1tlaku, po\u017eil smrteln\u00fd jed. Cai Lun, narozen\u00fd v roce 50, u\u010dinil sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez v 55. roce sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Vyn\u00e1lezce pap\u00edru zem\u0159el v 71. roce sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota (ve 121 letech). <\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna byla brzy obohacena o mistry pap\u00edru, kte\u0159\u00ed pe\u010dliv\u011b st\u0159e\u017eili v\u0161echna v\u00fdrobn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed se metoda v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru Cai Lun za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edvat v Koreji a Japonsku, pot\u00e9 se s tajemstv\u00edm v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru sezn\u00e1mili mist\u0159i v dal\u0161\u00edch asijsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch. Na Z\u00e1pad se tajemstv\u00ed v\u00fdroby pap\u00edru dostalo pot\u00e9, co Arabov\u00e9 v osm\u00e9m stolet\u00ed zajali jednoho z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch mistr\u016f ve m\u011bst\u011b Samarkand a nau\u010dili se od n\u011bj ve\u0161kerou technologii a v\u00fdrobu pap\u00edrov\u00fdch list\u016f. <\/p>\n

V Evrop\u011b se v\u0161ak modern\u00ed pap\u00edr za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a\u017e ve 12. stolet\u00ed - Evropan\u00e9 Tsai Lun\u016fv vyn\u00e1lez vytrvale ignorovali. Cchaj Lunovo jm\u00e9no dodnes chyb\u00ed v mnoha evropsk\u00fdch knih\u00e1ch a p\u0159\u00edru\u010dk\u00e1ch. V \u010c\u00edn\u011b v\u00ed o vyn\u00e1lezu a osudu Cchaj Lun, kter\u00fd vyrobil prvn\u00ed pap\u00edr, ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161kolu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Papyrus, na rozd\u00edl od mnoha \u0161koln\u00edch u\u010debnic, nen\u00ed pap\u00edr - technologie v\u00fdroby umo\u017e\u0148ovala z\u00edskat pouze primitivn\u00ed a hrub\u00fd materi\u00e1l pro psan\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed pap\u00edr bl\u00edzk\u00fd dnes pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9mu pap\u00edru byl vynalezen v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Pap\u00edr pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dty\u0159i velk\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na rozvoj civilizace. D\u016fstojn\u00edk Cai Lun z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dynastie Han v roce 105 [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-raznoe-pro-bumagu"],"yoast_head":"\n\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0443 - IzBumagi.net - \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441, \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f - 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