{"id":13253,"date":"2026-04-14T17:40:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T14:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/?p=13253"},"modified":"2026-04-14T17:40:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T14:40:45","slug":"bookbinding-drevnee-iskusstvo-pereplyota-knig-ot-svitkov-do-sovremennyh-shedevrov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-drevnee-iskusststvo-pereplyota-knig-ot-svitkov-do-sovremennyh-shedevrov\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628: \u0641\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 - \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \ud83d\udcd6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 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\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811.jpg 960w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-640x640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/513f6ed1-d58e-464f-83e8-b8c9e3b25811-681x681.jpg 681w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13254\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 - \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631.\u26ea<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0642\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 - \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 - \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 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class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0628\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0637\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 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class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"td-modal-image wp-image-13255 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09.jpg 960w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-640x640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/e0971be8-7aec-41e2-b81e-67b43dda2a09-681x681.jpg 681w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13255\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u063a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1450)\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0646 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https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-640x640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/5bdf2b1e-19d8-4dec-9bf2-1d5c5d849ebe-681x681.jpg 681w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u062f 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class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u062b\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 (\u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1837)\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645)<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 - \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/h3>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 (\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13257\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13257\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"td-modal-image wp-image-13257 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f.jpg 960w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-640x640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/aa57f7b2-e211-4ddd-93a2-4d6bb7efa29f-681x681.jpg 681w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13257\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 - \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.\ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0- \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u063a\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0- \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/li>\n<li class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0- \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f 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\u0646\u0642\u0634.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f) \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.\" width=\"960\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e.jpg 960w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-420x420.jpg 420w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-640x640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ca2dc50c-2a05-479c-b82c-c8a30f98b41e-681x681.jpg 681w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13258\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a.\ud83d\udc8e<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f 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\u0648\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u062d\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 - \u0628\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0645\u0644\u064a - \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643 - \u0641\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/izbumagi.net\/ar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">izbumagi.net<\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h4 class=\"ds-markdown-paragraph\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \ud83d\udcd6\u2702\ufe0f<\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 [....]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[217,215,216],"class_list":["post-13253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-poleznye-stati","tag-bookbinding","tag-knigi","tag-pereplyot"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.7.1 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - 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